The Myth Of The Apollo 11 Land On The Moon And Hearing...

It has been forty-seven years since families across America were in awe watching the Apollo 11 land on the moon and hearing Neil Armstrong famously say â€Å"That s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind†. It has also been forty-seven years of people doubting the legitimacy of this footage. The theorists versus the realists is a never ending debate over whether this was a staged government hoax or if America actually made it to space. With hundreds of theories circulating involving Stanley Kubrick, Area 51, and the validity of a wrinkle in a flag.Was America really that eager to beat the Soviets and win the Space Race or did we just hit the jackpot in scientific discovery? During John F. Kennedy’s time as president he vowed to get to the moon before the end of the decade. Even though he did not live to see it, those next ten years there was a sprint between American and the Soviet Union to see who could get to the moon first. The space race â€Å"showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system† (Ducksters). America failed many times but we finally made it in 1969. Or did we? Post World War II America was very sensitive about their reputation and had lots of confidence being one of the top countries in the world. Americans could not handle the pressure of losing. So Americans did what they do best. Fake it. When this race began â€Å"NASA’s budget was increased almost 500 percent, and the lunar landing program eventually involved some

Shell Case Study - 838 Words

The Case Study on â€Å"Organizational change at Royal Dutch/Shell† This case study on â€Å"Organizational Change at Royal Dutch/Shell† deals with the organizational change that the world’s largest non-state-owned oil company made to respond its operating environmental changes in 1990s (Hill, C 2005, pp. 476-477) While there are a few different structures of global organizations such as worldwide area structure, worldwide product divisional structure and global matrix structure, the Anglo-Dutch company Royal Dutch/Shell (hereinafter Shell) decided to be structured with a matrix structure from the 1950s until 1994. Under the matrix structure, the head of each operating company reported to two bosses; one boss was responsible for the†¦show more content†¦While the oil price plummeted in the winter of 1986 when the price fell from $31 per barrel to $10, Shell managed its budget by half: the company had to work much harder to develop new projects more cheaply. As a result, Shell could make huge improvements in drilling techniques such as slim-hole drilling and directional drilling. The use of 3D seismic became widespread. (from Shell’s official homepage; 1980s to the new millennium). All of these activities worked well under the matrix structure of Shell until the end of 1980s. There was a huge environmental change in 1990. It’s the Gulf War. The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, partly prompted by the low price of oil, led to uncertainty about production and prices spiked. Iraq wanted to gain control of the worlds third largest oil producer to give it more control over the world market. Following the Gulf war to liberate Kuwait, crude oil prices entered a period of steady decline, reaching their lowest level in 1994 for 21 years (BBC, Why the oil price keeps rising, June 2008). As the oil prices declined, naturally there was pressure on Shell’s profit margins. Although it had traditionally been among the most profitable oil companies in the world, its relative performance began to slip in the early 1990s as its competitors adapted rapidly to the environment changes. As a result, this suggested that the Shell senior management team review its strategy and the fit between strategy andShow MoreRelatedCase Study : A Nut- Shell Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesnut- shell, this case study tell us about a big project which faced so many problems within one year of project execution. The completion of this project was 3 years with a large budget of $50M. But due to problems the CHEMICS insurance company decided to update all their processes and systems. This project effect all the departments within the company.So a management team with hired consultants and some members of insurance company was formed.Moreover there was no project manager for this case studyRead MoreCase Study : Royal Dutch Shell1003 Words   |  5 PagesOxfam Intermon. 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Principles of Pediatric Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Pediatric Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common disorder, which needs emergency surgery before the development of any complications. Instead of the fact that in most patients the symptoms of acute appendicitis is easily diagnosed, but in some cases, some variable signs are seen, where the clinical diagnosis is difficult in initial stage, which promote ignorance of the condition and thereby leading to a severe condition of the disorder (Schietroma et al., 2012). In the current case study, the focus is an 8-year old boy mark, who has gone through a severe case of appendicitis, where the infection perforated the peritoneal cavity, causing peritonitis. In this essay the pathophysiology of appendicitis will be discussed. In addition to this the nursing care based on developmental theories, family-centered care and effect of hospitalization will be highlighted based on this case. The case study is focused upon the 8 years old boy, Mark, who was experiencing right iliac fossa pain and admitted to the emergency department of a local hospital. Upon assessing his symptoms, physicians suspected the onset of appendicitis. After confirming the situation, the emergency department doctors took him to the theater for an appendectomy. The surgical team identified a gangrenous perforated appendix with peritonitis. It is a severe infection in appendix. Peritonitis is characterized as the inflammation of serosal membrane lining the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum is a sterile environment, but the pathogenic microorganisms or their toxic products can cause intra-abdominal sepsis, which causes the inflammation of peritoneum (Brker et al., 2012). The pathophysiology of peritonitis is related to the intra-abdominal sepsis from a perforated viscus, which is caused from direct spillage of lumina contents in the peritoneum. The bacterial inoculation in the sterial area is relate d to the inflammation and infection of appendix. The perforated appendix is caused by the obstruction of the appendiceal lumen due to insisted stool, lymphoid hyperplasia or the infection caused by microorganism. However, considering the correlation within the appendicitis and distribution of lymphoid tissue, the obstruction of the lumen can be highlighted as a common cause (Chen et al., 2012). The bacterial overgrowth in the lumen is influenced by the obstruction of lumen, which further leads to the distention of lumen with increased intraluminal pressure. It then leads to venous obstruction. All of these processes lead to bacterial overgrowth, acute inflammation and edema (Markar et al., 2012). As a result of these, the appendix becomes ischemic and edematous, which further promotes the necrosis of appendiceal wall along with the invasion of bacteria through the ischemic wall, causing a gangrenous appendicitis. In the case of Mark, this condition was not recognized and neglected. As a result, the gangrenous appendix perforated into the sterile peritoneal cavity with spillage of appendiceal residue, causing peritoneal infection. In Marks case, this sequence of events occurred slowly and the appendix contained by the inflammatory response and omentum, which further led to localized peritonitis and appendiceal abcess (Schietroma et al., 2012). Finally, the progress in this condition causes sepsis and diffuse peritonitis. In this condition, the bacterial overgrowth is generally promoted by a range of facultative aerobic bacteria, which are involved in other colonic disorders (Chen et al., 2012). As the bacterial pathogens, which have grown in the appendics wall are perforated through the peritoneal cavity, the same bacterial culture could be isolated from both the gangrenous appendicitis and infected peritoneal cavity. According to the case study, Mark was initially suspected with appendicitis and was suggested for an appendectomy. The result of the post surgery states that the boy was suffering from gangrenous perforated appendix with peritonitis. He was under few medications after the operation and other treatments associated with his complications (Ball et al., 2012). Due the severe infection he was retained in the hospital for 10 days under the nursing care. Nursing is a noble job. The status of a nurse in pursuing her professional practices states the value a community places on the nursing job. The values, ethics and beliefs related to the profession are an integral part o0f the professional education practice. According to Perry et al. (2014), perforation of appendix is a major complication that can lead to peritonitis. Therefore, proper nursing intervention is important in order to reduce the severity of Marks condition. The main priorities of the nurse in such a condition are prevention of complications, promote comfort, and give the details of the information related to the surgical procedure, treatment requirements and the complications associated with this condition (Butcher et al., 2013). In this case the nursing management will involve relieving goal, anxiety reduction, controlling and prevention of the fluid volume deficit, elimination of the infection caused by the disruption in the GI tract and attaining most favorable nutrition. The various theories of development provide a structural framework in order to think about the growth, development and learning. As discussed by Barnes Rowe (2013), the developmental theories give a base to understand the set of guiding concepts and principles which explains the human development. The understandings of theories are very important since the nursing practice is directly responsible for assuring physical, cognitive and moral development in the patients. Every child passes through certain predictable stages of development as they move towards adulthood. There are various theories based on the development of human beings. Piaget termed the stage of the school going children as concrete operational stage. Depending on the age it can be concluded that Mark, belongs to this stage. According to Piaget, the school age children are capable of identifying concrete solutions to any complications or problems and thus, they can discover the impact of such complications on relationships (Haley Stott, 2013). In regards to the case of Mark, he was able to identify his problems and the sympathetic approach towards him after the surgery. Due to his severe infection and surgery he experienced chronic pain. As a nurse one should therefore be aware of the age before initiation with the nursing intervention. As a pediatric nurse, she should understand the thought process of Mark and the emotional disturbance caused due to his condition. In response to this stimulation activities which are meaningful and appropriate should be designed. Presence of the parents for an eight years old child is more important that experiencing of strangers should be prioritized. The duty of a pediatric nurse is not only to monitor Marks clinical outcomes, medication, preventions of spreading of infection due to nosocomial infection, providing proper diet, but also to make certain explain them the details of their treatment, provide them with story books, offering of manipulative toys and show sympathy and care in order to promote his cognitive health ("Child, adolescent and family nursing (Book, 2012) [WorldCat.org]", 2016). Another theory, related to human growth and development is Kohlbergs theory of moral development. According to this theory, a school age child enters into the conventional development stage (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). One of the most striking characteristics of children of this age is that these children have trouble related to self-care measures when they are away from the guidance of either their parents or nurse. Therefore, as a nurse it is very important to take proper decision based on the need of the child. Evidences reflect the fact that a moral and positive moral can speed up the curing process. Therefore it becomes necessary for the pediatric nurse to take proper and situational decision related Marks treatment process. In addition to this she should also keep in mind to integrate the child in the decision making process to boost up his moral. There are two determinants that can aid in identifying the pattern of an individuals development. The two determinants are nature and nurture. According to Johnson (2013), nurses can relate the concept of self-efficacy in teaching children and his families. Plan a teaching project for these children to foster healthy life style. In terms of the sick children their needs may cause the parents to withdraw them from the social world in order to focus on child care. The member of the multidisciplinary team especially nurses can help promoting family resilience. Family centered approach aids in offering mental, emotional and practical support to the parents adapting to the childs illness. In case of Mark, such an approach can provide help to support his family members (Banazadeh et al., 2015). As a key member of the multidisciplinary team caring for Mark with appendectomy operation and peritonitis and his family, the nurse can develop a therapeutic, long-standing relationship in the next 10 days of the childs stay in the hospital. The family-centered approach will involve parents in caring through information and providing education to combat with the stress and anxiety associated with their childs condition. Therefore, the pediatric nurses should possess extensive communication, teaching and management skills. The healthcare professionals involved in the caring for the child and family should adapt a holistic approach of treatment during the stay in the hospital, in order to assure proper care provided to the child. According to Bowlby, hospitalization can cause mental scars on children significantly due to the separation of the child from his or her parents. Studies and evidences confirmed the advantages of admitting the parents in the children ward (Alavi et al., 2015). The outcome of the studies reflects positive results on the distress level. Moreover, hospitalization is associated with psychological and emotional distress due to the routine procedure for the child as well as the parents. In this case study, Mark is not adapted to the routine treatment procedure and the clinical environment. Therefore, it is important for a pediatric nurse to understand the emotional stress of the child and his parents and educate them to cope up with the clinical settings. Moreover, in order to preser ve and help Mark to adapt with his physical and environmental change, it is necessary for the nurse to show friendly gestures, sympathy and empathy during the treatment procedure (Banazadeh et al., 2015). Appendicitis is one of the common disorders if diagnosed in the initial stage, can be treated but if the condition is not treated in the initial stages can lead to complications such as Mark, who suffered from appendicitis and during his operation gangrenous perforated appendix with peritonitis was observed. In such a condition a childs physical, mental and cognitive development are hampered. Therefore, a pediatric nurse should be aware of the effect of hospitalization on the child and his family. Depending upon several developmental theories, care should be given to the child for improving his health condition. Reference List: Alavi, A., Bahrami, M., Zarghamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Boroujeni, A., Yousefy, A. (2015). Characteristics of caring selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ efficacy in pediatric nurses: A qualitative study.Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing,20(3), 157-164. Ball, J. W., Bindler, R. M., Cowen, K. J. (2012).Principles of pediatric nursing: Caring for children. Pearson. Banazadeh, M., Azizzadeh Foroozy, M., Iranmanesh, S. (2015). Assessment of Barriers in providing end of life care to terminally ill pediatric patients from the perspective of nursing staff.Journal of Pediatric Nursing,1(2), 74-85. Barnes, M., Rowe, J. (2013).Child, youth and family health: Strengthening communities. Elsevier Health Sciences. Brker, M. E., van Lieshout, E. M., van der Elst, M., Stassen, L. P., Schepers, T. (2012). Discriminating between simple and perforated appendicitis. Journal of Surgical Research, 176(1), 79-83. Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., Wagner, C. (2013).Nursing interventions classification (NIC). Elsevier Health Sciences. Chen, C. Y., Chen, Y. C., Pu, H. N., Tsai, C. H., Chen, W. T., Lin, C. H. (2012). Bacteriology of acute appendicitis and its implication for the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Surgical infections, 13(6), 383-390. Child, adolescent and family nursing (Book, 2012) [WorldCat.org]. (2016).Worldcat.org. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.worldcat.org/title/child-adolescent-and-family-nursing/oclc/776539269 Haley, C., Stott, A. (Eds.). (2013).Pillitteri's Child and Family Health Nursing in Australia and New Zealand. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D. (2014).Wong's nursing care of infants and children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnson, R. L. (2013). Nursing Care of the Child with Hematologic Disorders. Markar, S. R., Blackburn, S., Cobb, R., Karthikesalingam, A., Evans, J., Kinross, J., Faiz, O. (2012). Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis in children. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 16(10), 1993-2004. Perry, S. E., Hockenberry, M. J., Lowdermilk, D. L., Wilson, D. (2014).Maternal child nursing care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Schietroma, M., Piccione, F., Carlei, F., Clementi, M., Bianchi, Z., Vita, F. D., Amicucci, G. (2012). Peritonitis from perforated appendicitis: stress response after laparoscopic or open treatment. The American Surgeon, 78(5), 582-590.

Lab report water Sample

Lab report water Paper If the amylase only partly digests the starch, what would you expect to happen? If the amylase only partly digests the starch, I would expect to see a faint color change as well as a small presence of glucose inside the intestine. If the amylase fails to digest the starch, what results would you expect? If the amylase fails to digest the starch, I would expect the solution inside the intestine (Dialysis tubing) to change color to blue-black due to the chemical action that will occur when the Logos regent (kill) permeates through the intestine (Dialysis tubing). Why is it necessary to have a control for this experiment? By having a control in this experiment, we can see the changes with the presence of amylase. Logos regent (kill) changes color in the presence of starch, which is the control group that we have setup that demonstrates what would happen naturally, with starch and Logos regent (kill). The control group will have a distinct comparison available for us. As amylase, an enzyme that catalysts the reawaken of the starch into glucose, which will have no reaction with Logos regent (kill) as well as no color change. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Were starch molecules able to cross the membrane? No, the starch molecules were not able to cross the membrane, because if it were able to pass through, then the solution on the outside of the intestine (Dialysis tubing) would have changed color to blue-black. Were Lug molecules able to cross the membrane? Yes, the starch molecules were able to cross the membrane as we observe the lour changes that occur inside the intestine (Dialysis tubing). What is your conclusion regard amylase digestive activity? In this experiment, I concluded that amylase have the abilities to catalyst the breakdown of the starch into glucose. Also, some molecules, such as the Logos regent (kill) and glucose are able to permeate through intestine (Dialysis tubing) while others, such as starch is not able to permeate through the (Dialysis What does this experiment tell you about the size of glucose molecules and membrane permeability? This experiment tells me the size of the glucose molecule is very small in comparison to starch molecule. They have high membrane permeability that allows them to permeate through the intestine (Dialysis tubing); this is supported by the presence of glucose in the water when we conducted the glucose test. In the experiment, did the movement of glucose and starch molecule reflect the expected results of biological simulation? In this experiment, the glucose and starch molecules accurately reflected the expected results of the biological simulation. Animals starch molecule cant cross the plasma membrane to leave the intestine, similarity in our experiment, the starch solution were not able to permeate through the intestine (Dialysis tubing), thus a no change of color occurred in the Logos regent (kill) solution. Furthermore, the glucose molecules can cross membrane between the intestine and circulatory system, and this is proven accurate as we were able to test the presence of glucose in the Logos regent (kill) solution that contain amylase in the intestine (Dialysis tubing).